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一、概述
一、概念
二、组成
三、特点
四、工作原理
二、案例
三、构建MHA
一、基础环境
二、ssh免密登录
三、主从复制
master
slave1
四、MHA安装
一、环境
二、安装node
三、安装manager 一、概述
一、概念 MHA#xff08;MasterHigh AvailabilityMasterHigh Availability是一套优秀的MySQL高可用环境下故障切换和主从复制的软件。 MHA 的出现就是解决MySQL 单点的问题。 MySQL故障切换过程中MHA能做到0-30秒内自动完成故障切换操作。 MHA能在故障切换的过程中最大程度上保证数据的一致性以达到真正意义上的高可用。
二、组成 MHA manager 管理节点 MHA node 数据节点 每个节点上都需要安装
三、特点 自动故障切换过程中MHA试图从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志最大程度的保证数据不丢失 使用半同步复制可以大大降低数据丢失的风险如果只有一个slave已经收到了最新的二进制日志MHA可以将最新的二进制日志应用于其他所有的slave服务器上因此可以保证所有节点的数据一致性 目前MHA支持一主多从架构最少三台服务即一主两从
四、工作原理 从宕机崩溃的master 保存二进制日志事件binlog events 识别含有最新的更新slave日志 应用差异的中继日志relay log到其他的slave 应用从master保存的二进制日志事件 提升一个slave为新的master 使其他的slave连接新的master进行复制
二、案例 192.168.100.3 managerMHA mgt 192.168.100.4 master master 192.168.100.5 slave slave1 192.168.100.6 slave slave2
三、构建MHA
一、基础环境 关闭防火墙 设置selinux宽容模式 配置静态IP 192.168.100.3 managerMHA mgt 192.168.100.4 master master 192.168.100.5 slave slave1 192.168.100.6 slave slave2 修改主机名 192.168.100.3 mgt 192.168.100.4 master 192.168.100.5 slave1 192.168.100.6 slave2
二、ssh免密登录 192.168.100.3 ssh-keygen for i in 4 5 6;do ssh-copy-id root192.168.100.$i;done 192.168.100.4 ssh-keygen for i in 3 5 6;do ssh-copy-id root192.168.100.$i;done 192.168.100.5 ssh-keygen for i in 4 3 6;do ssh-copy-id root192.168.100.$i;done 192.168.100.6 ssh-keygen for i in 4 5 3;do ssh-copy-id root192.168.100.$i;done 所有节点配置hosts vim /etc/hosts for i in 4 5 6 ;do scp/etc/hosts 192.168.100.$i:/etc;done 192.168.100.3 mgt 192.168.100.4 master 192.168.100.5 slave1 192.168.100.6 slave2 测试 for i in 3 4 5;do ssh 192.168.100.$i ;done 在192.168.100.3测试 for i in master slave1 slave2;do ssh $i ;done
三、主从复制
master vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id 1 log-bin master-bin log-slave-updates true ystemctl restart mariadb mysql -e grant replication slave on *.* to myslave192.168.100.% identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.% identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.3 identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.5 identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.6 identified by 123.com; mysql -e show master status; slave1 server-id2 log-binmaster-bin relay-logrelay-log-bin relay-log-indexrelay-log-bin.index mysql -e grant replication slave on *.* to myslave192.168.100.% identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.% identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.3 identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.4 identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.6 identified by 123.com; mysql -e change master to master_host192.168.100.4,master_usermyslave,master_password123.com,master_log_filemaster-bin.000003,master_log_pos1007; mysql -e “slave start” slave2 server-id3 log-binmaster-bin relay-logrelay-log-bin relay-log-indexrelay-log-bin.index mysql -e grant replication slave on *.* to myslave192.168.100.% identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.% identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.3 identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.4 identified by 123.com; mysql -e grant all privileges on *.* to mha192.168.100.5 identified by 123.com; mysql -e change master to master_host192.168.100.4,master_usermyslave,master_password123.com,master_log_filemaster-bin.000003,master_log_pos1007; mysql -e “slave start” 四、MHA安装
一、环境 所有节点安装perl环境 yum install epel-release -y yum install epel-release -y第二次是更新 yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes perl-CPAN 二、安装node 所有节点安装node(已经下载的源码包 tar xf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-node-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd /usr/local/bin 发现存在文件 yum install epel-release -y yum install epel-release -y yum -y install perl-DBD-MySQL perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-Config-Tiny perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes perl-CPANtar xf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-node-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make make install cd /usr/local/bin ls 三、安装manager tar xf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz cd /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make make install cp sample/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin/ cp sample/scripts/master_ip_online_change /usr/local/bin/ cd /usr/local/bin vim master_ip_failover 脚本说明(master_ip_failover) master_ip_failover 自动切换时 VIP 管理的脚本 master_ip_online_change 在线切换时 vip 的管理 power_manager 故障发生后关闭主机的脚本 send_report 因故障切换后发送报警的脚本
配置文件建立 mkdir /etc/masterha vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf mkdir /var/log/masterha/app1 测试MHA masterha_check_ssh --conf/etc/masterha/app1.cnf masterha_check_repl --conf/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
启动
nohup masterha_manager --conf/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover /dev/null /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 21 此时master不显示vip——ip
停止master后 slave1 会出现vip-ip 查看slave1状态 slave2 实现MySQL高可用MHA
