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1.1 blender
https://www.blender.org/ Blender 是一款免费开源的3D创作套件。
使用 Blender#xff0c;您可以创建3D可视化效果#xff0c;例如静态图像、3D动画、VFX#xff08;… 文章目录 1、简介1.1 blender 2、下载和安装2.1 Python2.2 jupyter 3、运行结语 1、简介
1.1 blender
https://www.blender.org/ Blender 是一款免费开源的3D创作套件。
使用 Blender您可以创建3D可视化效果例如静态图像、3D动画、VFX视觉特效快照和视频编辑。它非常适合那些受益于其统一解决方案和响应式开发过程的独立和小型工作室。
Blender 是一款跨平台的应用工具可以在 Linux、macOS 以及 Windows 系统下运行。与其他三维建模工具相比Blender 对内存和驱动的需求更低。其界面使用 OpenGL在所有支持的硬件与平台都能提供一致的用户体验。 Blender 是一个完整集成的 3D 创作套件提供了大量的基础工具包括建模、渲染、动画 绑定、视频编辑、视觉效果、合成、贴图以及多种类型的模拟。
跨平台使用了 OpenGL 的 GUI 可以在所有主流平台上都表现出一致的显示效果并且可通过 Python 脚本来自定义界面。 2、下载和安装
2.1 Python
https://www.python.org/ Python是一种广泛使用的高级编程语言它以其清晰的语法和代码可读性而闻名。Python支持多种编程范式包括面向对象、命令式、函数式和过程式编程。 安装后打印Python版本信息如下
python -vpip -v2.2 jupyter
Jupyter Notebook 是一个基于 Web 的交互式计算环境支持多种编程语言包括 Python、R、Julia 等。它的主要功能是将代码、文本、数学方程式、可视化和其他相关元素组合在一起创建一个动态文档用于数据分析、机器学习、科学计算和数据可视化等方面。Jupyter Notebook 提供了一个交互式的界面使用户能够以增量和可视化的方式构建和执行代码同时支持 Markdown 格式的文本和 LaTeX 数学符号。
安装 Jupyter Notebook在命令提示符中输入以下命令使用 pip 安装 Jupyter Notebook。
pip install jupyter notebook启动 Jupyter Notebook在命令提示符中输入以下命令启动 Jupyter Notebook。
jupyter notebook接下来Jupyter Notebook 会在默认的浏览器中打开如果没有自动打开可以在浏览器中输入 http://localhost:8888/tree 来访问。
http://localhost:8888/tree新建文件如下 界面如下
3、运行
https://github.com/manoj-kumar-joshi/sionna_osm_scene 从 Openstreetmap 数据创建 Sionna 光线追踪的场景文件 这是一个实用程序项目它使用 Openstreetmap 数据生成与 Mitsuba 兼容的 3D 场景文件以及建筑物、地面和道路的 3D 对象。使用 OSM_to_Sionna 生成的文件可以直接用作 Sionna Ray 追踪应用程序的输入。 打开文件 https://github.com/manoj-kumar-joshi/sionna_osm_scene/blob/main/OSM_to_Sionna.ipynb
测试代码如下
import ipyleaflet
import IPython.display
import ipyvolume.pylab as p3
import pyproj
import shapely
from shapely.geometry import shape
from shapely.ops import transform
import math
import pyvista as pv
import numpy as np
import osmnx as ox
from shapely.geometry import Polygon, Point, LineString
import os
from pyproj import Transformer
import open3d as o3d
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import xml.dom.minidom as minidom初始化Sionna Scene XML对象并添加默认值
# Set the center position lat and lon as a starting point. Use any string of your choice for LOCATION_STR
center_lat 14.557097311312177
center_lon 121.02000072883868
LOCATION_STR PHILLIPINES# Set up default values for resolution
spp_default 4096
resx_default 1024
resy_default 768# Define camera settings
camera_settings {rotation: (0, 0, -90), # Assuming Z-up orientationfov: 42.854885
}# Define material colors. This is RGB 0-1 formar https://rgbcolorpicker.com/0-1
material_colors {mat-itu_concrete: (0.539479, 0.539479, 0.539480),mat-itu_marble: (0.701101, 0.644479, 0.485150),mat-itu_metal: (0.219526, 0.219526, 0.254152),mat-itu_wood: (0.043, 0.58, 0.184),mat-itu_wet_ground: (0.91,0.569,0.055),
}
transformer Transformer.from_crs(EPSG:4326, EPSG:26915)
center_26915 transformer.transform(center_lat,center_lon)
sionna_center_x center_26915[0]
sionna_center_y center_26915[1]
sionna_center_z 0scene ET.Element(scene, version2.1.0)
# Add defaults
ET.SubElement(scene, default, namespp, valuestr(spp_default))
ET.SubElement(scene, default, nameresx, valuestr(resx_default))
ET.SubElement(scene, default, nameresy, valuestr(resy_default))
# Add integrator
integrator ET.SubElement(scene, integrator, typepath)
ET.SubElement(integrator, integer, namemax_depth, value12)# Define materials
for material_id, rgb in material_colors.items():bsdf_twosided ET.SubElement(scene, bsdf, typetwosided, idmaterial_id)bsdf_diffuse ET.SubElement(bsdf_twosided, bsdf, typediffuse)ET.SubElement(bsdf_diffuse, rgb, valuef{rgb[0]} {rgb[1]} {rgb[2]}, namereflectance)# Add emitter
emitter ET.SubElement(scene, emitter, typeconstant, idWorld)
ET.SubElement(emitter, rgb, value1.000000 1.000000 1.000000, nameradiance)# Add camera (sensor)
sensor ET.SubElement(scene, sensor, typeperspective, idCamera)
ET.SubElement(sensor, string, namefov_axis, valuex)
ET.SubElement(sensor, float, namefov, valuestr(camera_settings[fov]))
ET.SubElement(sensor, float, nameprincipal_point_offset_x, value0.000000)
ET.SubElement(sensor, float, nameprincipal_point_offset_y, value-0.000000)
ET.SubElement(sensor, float, namenear_clip, value0.100000)
ET.SubElement(sensor, float, namefar_clip, value10000.000000)
sionna_transform ET.SubElement(sensor, transform, nameto_world)
ET.SubElement(sionna_transform, rotate, x1, anglestr(camera_settings[rotation][0]))
ET.SubElement(sionna_transform, rotate, y1, anglestr(camera_settings[rotation][1]))
ET.SubElement(sionna_transform, rotate, z1, anglestr(camera_settings[rotation][2]))
camera_position np.array([0, 0, 100]) # Adjust camera height
ET.SubElement(sionna_transform, translate, value .join(map(str, camera_position)))
sampler ET.SubElement(sensor, sampler, typeindependent)
ET.SubElement(sampler, integer, namesample_count, value$spp)
film ET.SubElement(sensor, film, typehdrfilm)
ET.SubElement(film, integer, namewidth, value$resx)
ET.SubElement(film, integer, nameheight, value$resy)打开交互式地图选择要使用的区域
m ipyleaflet.Map(center(center_lat, center_lon), zoom16)
dc ipyleaflet.DrawControl()
m.add(dc)
m# Get coordinates in meter for the area of interst polygon (This will be used in next steps)
wsg84 pyproj.CRS(epsg:4326)
lambert pyproj.CRS(epsg:26915)
transformer pyproj.Transformer.from_crs(wsg84, lambert, always_xyTrue)
coords [transformer.transform(x, y) for x, y in dc.last_draw[geometry][coordinates][0]]
print(coords)
print(dc.last_draw[geometry][coordinates][0])
aoi_polygon shapely.geometry.Polygon(coords)# Store center of the selected area to be used in calculations later on
center_x aoi_polygon.centroid.x
center_y aoi_polygon.centroid.y# Set Location of the directory where scene and objects will be stored
LOCATION_DIR f{LOCATION_STR}_{center_x}_{center_y}
print(LOCATION_DIR)# Create Directories
os.mkdir(fd:/simple_scene)
os.mkdir(fd:/simple_scene/mesh) # Utility Function
def points_2d_to_poly(points, z):Convert a sequence of 2d coordinates to a polydata with a polygon.faces [len(points), *range(len(points))]poly pv.PolyData([p (z,) for p in points], facesfaces)return poly创建地面网格并添加到场景中
# Utility Function
def points_2d_to_poly(points, z):Convert a sequence of 2d coordinates to a polydata with a polygon.faces [len(points), *range(len(points))]poly pv.PolyData([p (z,) for p in points], facesfaces)return polywsg84 pyproj.CRS(epsg:4326)
lambert pyproj.CRS(epsg:26915)
transformer pyproj.Transformer.from_crs(wsg84, lambert, always_xyTrue)
coords [transformer.transform(x, y) for x, y in dc.last_draw[geometry][coordinates][0]]ground_polygon shapely.geometry.Polygon(coords)
z_coordinates np.full(len(ground_polygon.exterior.coords), 0) # Assuming the initial Z coordinate is zmin
exterior_coords ground_polygon.exterior.coords
oriented_coords list(exterior_coords)
# Ensure counterclockwise orientation
if ground_polygon.exterior.is_ccw:oriented_coords.reverse()
points [(coord[0]-center_x, coord[1]-center_y) for coord in oriented_coords]
# bounding polygon
boundary_points_polydata points_2d_to_poly(points, z_coordinates[0])
edge_polygon boundary_points_polydata
footprint_plane edge_polygon.delaunay_2d()
footprint_plane.points[:] (footprint_plane.points - footprint_plane.center)*1.5 footprint_plane.center
pv.save_meshio(fd:/simple_scene/mesh/ground.ply,footprint_plane)material_type mat-itu_wet_ground
sionna_shape ET.SubElement(scene, shape, typeply, idfmesh-ground)
ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, string, namefilename, valuefmesh/ground.ply)
bsdf_ref ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, ref, idmaterial_type, namebsdf)
ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, boolean, nameface_normals,valuetrue)创建建筑网格并添加到场景中
import osmnx as ox
wsg84 pyproj.CRS(epsg:4326)
lambert pyproj.CRS(epsg:4326)
transformer pyproj.Transformer.from_crs(wsg84, lambert, always_xyTrue)
coords [transformer.transform(x, y) for x, y in dc.last_draw[geometry][coordinates][0]]osm_polygon shapely.geometry.Polygon(coords)
# Query the OpenStreetMap data
buildings ox.geometries.geometries_from_polygon(osm_polygon, tags{building: True})# Filter buildings that intersect with the polygon
filtered_buildings buildings[buildings.intersects(osm_polygon)]filtered_buildings.head(5)以下代码使用建筑足迹并拉伸它们来创建三角形网格并逐一添加Sionna场景。
buildings_list filtered_buildings.to_dict(records)
source_crs pyproj.CRS(filtered_buildings.crs)
target_crs pyproj.CRS(EPSG:26915)
transformer pyproj.Transformer.from_crs(source_crs, target_crs, always_xyTrue).transform
for idx, building in enumerate(buildings_list):# Convert building geometry to a shapely polygonbuilding_polygon shape(building[geometry])if building_polygon.geom_type ! Polygon:continuebuilding_polygon transform(transformer, building_polygon)if math.isnan(float(building[building:levels])):building_height 3.5else:building_height int(building[building:levels]) * 3.5z_coordinates np.full(len(building_polygon.exterior.coords), 0) # Assuming the initial Z coordinate is zminexterior_coords building_polygon.exterior.coordsoriented_coords list(exterior_coords)# Ensure counterclockwise orientationif building_polygon.exterior.is_ccw:oriented_coords.reverse()points [(coord[0]-center_x, coord[1]-center_y) for coord in oriented_coords]# bounding polygonboundary_points_polydata points_2d_to_poly(points, z_coordinates[0])edge_polygon boundary_points_polydatafootprint_plane edge_polygon.delaunay_2d()footprint_plane footprint_plane.triangulate()footprint_3D footprint_plane.extrude((0, 0, building_height), cappingTrue)footprint_3D.save(fd:/simple_scene/mesh/building_{idx}.ply)local_mesh o3d.io.read_triangle_mesh(fd:/simple_scene/mesh/building_{idx}.ply)o3d.io.write_triangle_mesh(fd:/simple_scene/mesh/building_{idx}.ply, local_mesh)material_type mat-itu_marble# Add shape elements for PLY files in the foldersionna_shape ET.SubElement(scene, shape, typeply, idfmesh-building_{idx})ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, string, namefilename, valuefmesh/building_{idx}.ply)bsdf_ref ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, ref, id material_type, namebsdf)ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, boolean, nameface_normals,valuetrue)创建道路网格并添加到场景中:
def convert_lane_to_numeric(lane):try:return int(lane)except ValueError:try:return float(lane)except ValueError:return None# Helper function to calculate edge geometry if missing
def calculate_edge_geometry(u, v, data):u_data graph.nodes[u]v_data graph.nodes[v]return LineString([(u_data[x], u_data[y]), (v_data[x], v_data[y])])G ox.graph_from_polygon(polygon osm_polygon, simplify False, retain_allTrue,truncate_by_edgeTrue,network_type all_private)
graph ox.project_graph(G, to_crsepsg:26915)
ox.plot_graph(graph)现在使用车道作为参数将每条线段转换为道路网格以设置道路宽度:
# Create a list to store GeoDataFrames for each road segment
gdf_roads_list []
# Set the fixed Z coordinate for the buffer polygons
Z0 .25 # You can adjust this value based on the desired elevation of the roads
# Create a list to store the meshes
mesh_list []
mesh_collection pv.PolyData()
# Iterate over each edge in the graph
for u, v, key, data in graph.edges(keysTrue, dataTrue):# Check if the edge has geometry, otherwise create geometries from the nodesif geometry not in data:data[geometry] calculate_edge_geometry(u, v, data)# Get the lanes attribute for the edgelanes data.get(lanes, 1) # Default to 1 lane if lanes attribute is not availableif not isinstance(lanes, list):lanes [lanes]# Convert lane values to numeric (integers or floats) using the helper functionnum_lanes [convert_lane_to_numeric(lane) for lane in lanes]# Filter out None values (representing non-numeric lanes) and calculate the road widthnum_lanes [lane for lane in num_lanes if lane is not None]road_width num_lanes[0] * 3.5# Buffer the LineString with the road width and add Z coordinateline_buffer data[geometry].buffer(road_width)# Convert the buffer polygon to a PyVista meshexterior_coords line_buffer.exterior.coordsz_coordinates np.full(len(line_buffer.exterior.coords), Z0)oriented_coords list(exterior_coords)# Ensure counterclockwise orientationif line_buffer.exterior.is_ccw:oriented_coords.reverse()points [(coord[0]-center_x, coord[1]-center_y) for coord in oriented_coords]# bounding polygonboundary_points_polydata points_2d_to_poly(points, z_coordinates[0])mesh boundary_points_polydata.delaunay_2d()# Add the mesh to the listmesh_collection mesh_collection meshmesh_list.append(mesh)
output_file fd:/simple_scene/mesh/road_mesh_combined.ply
pv.save_meshio(output_file,mesh_collection)
material_type mat-itu_concrete
# Add shape elements for PLY files in the folder
sionna_shape ET.SubElement(scene, shape, typeply, idfmesh-roads_{idx})
ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, string, namefilename, valuefmesh/road_mesh_combined.ply)
bsdf_ref ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, ref, id material_type, namebsdf)
ET.SubElement(sionna_shape, boolean, nameface_normals,valuetrue)最后保存场景文件:
# Create and write the XML file
tree ET.ElementTree(scene)
xml_string ET.tostring(scene, encodingutf-8)
xml_pretty minidom.parseString(xml_string).toprettyxml(indent ) # Adjust the indent as neededwith open(fd:/simple_scene/simple_OSM_scene.xml, w, encodingutf-8) as xml_file:xml_file.write(xml_pretty)生成模型文件如下 在blender加载上面结果文件如下
结语
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