网站建站对象,企业网站建设东莞,网站的设计流程是怎么样的?,有什么网站可以接手工加工做使用Minikube部署Kubernetes环境
1. Minikube简介
Minikube是一个轻量级的Kubernetes实现#xff0c;它在本地运行一个Kubernetes集群#xff0c;可以是单节点或者集群环境#xff0c;主要用于开发和测试。Minikube支持Kubernetes的所有主要功能#xff0c;包括Dashboard…使用Minikube部署Kubernetes环境
1. Minikube简介
Minikube是一个轻量级的Kubernetes实现它在本地运行一个Kubernetes集群可以是单节点或者集群环境主要用于开发和测试。Minikube支持Kubernetes的所有主要功能包括Dashboard、DNS、容器运行时如Docker、containerd、CRI-O等。
主要功能
快速启动本地Kubernetes集群支持多种容器运行时集成Kubernetes Dashboard提供内置的加载均衡器和Ingress控制器支持持久化存储卷 2. 安装Minikube
2.1 环境要求
操作系统Linux, macOS, Windows最低配置2 CPUs, 2GB 内存, 20GB 磁盘空间互联网连接容器或者虚拟化管理器 Docker, QEMU, Hyperkit, Hyper-V, KVM, Parallels, Podman, VirtualBox, or VMware Fusion/Workstation
2.2 安装步骤
以lx86架构的linux环境为例更多的安装选项参考minikube start | minikube (k8s.io) 下载Minikube二进制文件 curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64安装Minikube sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube3. 启动集群
3.1 启动Minikube
启动Minikube非常简单只需运行以下命令
minikube start如果minikube启动失败可以参考Drivers | minikube (k8s.io)安装一个虚拟机或容器环境。
集群启动成功后创建了一个当前最新的单节点K8S 1.30版本的集群
testubuntu-svr:~$ kubectl get node -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
minikube Ready control-plane 31m v1.30.0 192.168.49.2 none Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS 5.15.0-107-generic docker://26.1.1
testubuntu-svr:~$ kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-system coredns-7db6d8ff4d-8c7h8 1/1 Running 0 4m33s
kube-system coredns-7db6d8ff4d-xmd7b 1/1 Running 0 4m33s
kube-system etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 4m47s
kube-system kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 4m47s
kube-system kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 4m47s
kube-system kube-proxy-c6jdl 1/1 Running 0 4m33s
kube-system kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 4m47s
kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 4m46s备注 官方建议使用非root用户启动集群如果要使用root运行需要加 --force 如果拉取镜像失败可以通过设置代理服务器进行命令如下 export HTTP_PROXYhttp://proxy hostname:port
export HTTPS_PROXYhttps://proxy hostname:port
export NO_PROXYlocalhost,127.0.0.1,10.96.0.0/12,192.168.59.0/24,192.168.49.0/24,192.168.39.0/24minikube start3.2 节点运行说明
本机使用docker作为底层driver上述创建了一个单节点的k8s集群该k8s节点运行在docker容器中。minikube所在的宿主机ip为192.168.0.157docker使用kicbase启动了一个容器作为k8s的节点ip为192.168.49.2这种玩法用到了容器嵌套的技术。
testubuntu-svr:~$ ip add | grep 192.inet 192.168.0.157/24 metric 100 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic ens33
testubuntu-svr:~$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9d565ab58c23 gcr.io/k8s-minikube/kicbase:v0.0.44 /usr/local/bin/entr… 2 hours ago Up 2 hours 127.0.0.1:32772-22/tcp, 127.0.0.1:32771-2376/tcp, 127.0.0.1:32770-5000/tcp, 127.0.0.1:32769-8443/tcp, 127.0.0.1:32768-32443/tcp minikube
# 容器ip为minikube节点的INTERNAL-IP
testubuntu-svr:~$ docker inspect 9d565ab58c23 | grep -i ipaddrSecondaryIPAddresses: null,IPAddress: ,IPAddress: 192.168.49.2,
# 进入kicbase容器内部里面运行了minikube k8s环境的管理面容器和其他容器
testubuntu-svr:~$ docker exec -it 9d565ab58c23 sh
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
fead4e8669bc kicbase/echo-server /bin/echo-server 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes k8s_echo-server_hello-minikube-5c898d8489-ngvc6_default_70e327a3-9926-4615-8e63-b9b5e93c04d3_0
c0dfae68f544 registry.k8s.io/pause:3.9 /pause 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes k8s_POD_hello-minikube-5c898d8489-ngvc6_default_70e327a3-9926-4615-8e63-b9b5e93c04d3_0
89fc270a8b21 kubernetesui/dashboard /dashboard --insecu… 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes k8s_kubernetes-dashboard_kubernetes-dashboard-779776cb65-h8gql_kubernetes-dashboard_b638ee89-615c-462c-a877-49d78471e24c_0
...4. 集群交互
如果已经安装了kubectl 安装教程可以直接使用
kubectl get po -A也可以使用minikube下载合适的kubectl版本
minikube kubectl -- get po -A可以设置命令别名详情参考 kubectl
alias kubectlminikube kubectl --minikube同时集成了dashboard可以通过下面的命令使用
testubuntu-svr:~$ minikube dashboard
* Enabling dashboard ...- Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.8- Using image docker.io/kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.7.0
* Some dashboard features require the metrics-server addon. To enable all features please run:minikube addons enable metrics-server* Verifying dashboard health ...
* Launching proxy ...
* Verifying proxy health ...
* Opening http://127.0.0.1:34747/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser...http://127.0.0.1:34747/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/配置ssh端口转发将本地的34747端口转发到上述宿主机节点的34747端口ssh -f -N -L 34747:localhost:34747 test192.168.0.157
成功配置后本地浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:34747/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/即可打开dashboard面板。
kubeconfig文件路径如下注意server指向的地址
testubuntu-svr:~$ cat ~/.kube/config
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:certificate-authority: /home/test/.minikube/ca.crtextensions:- extension:last-update: Sun, 16 Jun 2024 05:43:41 UTCprovider: minikube.sigs.k8s.ioversion: v1.33.1name: cluster_infoserver: https://192.168.49.2:8443name: minikube
contexts:
- context:cluster: minikubeextensions:- extension:last-update: Sun, 16 Jun 2024 05:43:41 UTCprovider: minikube.sigs.k8s.ioversion: v1.33.1name: context_infonamespace: defaultuser: minikubename: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikubeuser:client-certificate: /home/test/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.crtclient-key: /home/test/.minikube/profiles/minikube/client.key5. 部署和管理应用
5.1 部署一个示例应用
使用以下命令部署一个示例应用如Nginx
kubectl create deployment hello-minikube --imagekicbase/echo-server:1.05.2 暴露服务
创建一个服务来暴露部署的应用
kubectl expose deployment hello-minikube --typeNodePort --port8080
kubectl get services hello-minikube5.3 访问应用
你可以通过Minikube的服务URL来访问应用
testubuntu-svr:~$ minikube service hello-minikube
|-----------|----------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| NAMESPACE | NAME | TARGET PORT | URL |
|-----------|----------------|-------------|---------------------------|
| default | hello-minikube | 8080 | http://192.168.49.2:30984 |
|-----------|----------------|-------------|---------------------------|
* Opening service default/hello-minikube in default browser...http://192.168.49.2:30984使用kubectl配置端口转发将宿主机的7080端口转发到hello-minikube应用的8080端口
kubectl port-forward service/hello-minikube 7080:8080
# 宿主机访问hello-minikube应用
testubuntu-svr:~$ curl http://localhost:7080/
Request served by hello-minikube-5c898d8489-ngvc6HTTP/1.1 GET /Host: localhost:7080
Accept: */*
User-Agent: curl/7.81.0宿主机为VMware workstation的一台虚拟机可以进一步配置端口转发再次在PC本地配置ssh转发转发客户端的7080端口到宿主机的7080端口。
ssh -f -N -L 7080:localhost:7080 test192.168.0.157使用pc浏览器访问 http://localhost:7080/即可查看hello-minikube应用。 6. 管理集群
查看集群状态
minikube status暂停集群:
minikube pause恢复集群:
minikube unpause停止Minikube
minikube stop设置默认的内存资源限制需要重启
minikube config set memory 4096查看安装的k8s服务列表minikube addons list
testubuntu-svr:~$ minikube addons list
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
| ADDON NAME | PROFILE | STATUS | MAINTAINER |
|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
| ambassador | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Ambassador) |
| auto-pause | minikube | disabled | minikube |
| cloud-spanner | minikube | disabled | Google |
| csi-hostpath-driver | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes |
| dashboard | minikube | enabled ✅ | Kubernetes |
| default-storageclass | minikube | enabled ✅ | Kubernetes |
| efk | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Elastic) |
| freshpod | minikube | disabled | Google |
| gcp-auth | minikube | disabled | Google |
| gvisor | minikube | disabled | minikube |
| headlamp | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (kinvolk.io) |
| helm-tiller | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Helm) |
| inaccel | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (InAccel |
| | | | [infoinaccel.com]) |
| ingress | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes |
| ingress-dns | minikube | disabled | minikube |
| inspektor-gadget | minikube | disabled | 3rd party |
| | | | (inspektor-gadget.io) |
| istio | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Istio) |
| istio-provisioner | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Istio) |
| kong | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Kong HQ) |
| kubeflow | minikube | disabled | 3rd party |
| kubevirt | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (KubeVirt) |
| logviewer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) |
| metallb | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (MetalLB) |
| metrics-server | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes |
| nvidia-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (NVIDIA) |
| nvidia-driver-installer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Nvidia) |
| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Nvidia) |
| olm | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Operator Framework) |
| pod-security-policy | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) |
| portainer | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Portainer.io) |
| registry | minikube | disabled | minikube |
| registry-aliases | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (unknown) |
| registry-creds | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises) |
| storage-provisioner | minikube | enabled ✅ | minikube |
| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Gluster) |
| storage-provisioner-rancher | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (Rancher) |
| volumesnapshots | minikube | disabled | Kubernetes |
| yakd | minikube | disabled | 3rd party (marcnuri.com) |
创建一个老版本的k8s集群
minikube start -p aged --kubernetes-versionv1.16.1删除Minikube集群
minikube delete --all7. 高级配置和常见问题
7.1 配置资源限制
你可以在启动Minikube时配置CPU和内存资源
minikube start --cpus4 --memory81927.2 配置容器运行时
Minikube支持多种容器运行时可以使用--container-runtime选项来指定
minikube start --container-runtimecri-o7.3 常见问题
Q: 启动Minikube时遇到虚拟化问题
A: 确保你的系统支持虚拟化并且已启用。你可以在BIOS设置中启用虚拟化技术如Intel VT-x或AMD-V。
Q: 如何重新配置Minikube
A: 你可以使用minikube config命令来设置和查看Minikube的配置。例如设置默认的内存大小
minikube config set memory 8192Q: Minikube是否支持高可用集群及多节点配置
A支持详情参考
Using Multi-Control Plane - HA Clusters | minikube (k8s.io)
Using Multi-Node Clusters | minikube (k8s.io) 8. 总结
Minikube是一个强大的工具可以在本地快速搭建一个Kubernetes集群帮助开发者在本地进行开发和测试。通过本文的介绍你应该能够顺利安装、配置和使用Minikube并了解一些高级配置和常见问题的解决方法。希望这篇文章对你有所帮助祝你在Kubernetes的学习和使用中取得成功
更多信息请访问 Minikube官方文档。
