网站开发书籍推荐,网站文章排版的重要性,施工企业准则,汉中seo培训1. HTTP
HTTP即超文本传输协议(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)#xff0c;是因特网上应用最广的一种协议。
设计目的#xff1a;保证客户端与服务器之间的通信#xff08;发布和接受HTML页面#xff09;#xff1b;工作方式#xff1a;客户端-服务器端的请求-应答协议 …1. HTTP
HTTP即超文本传输协议(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)是因特网上应用最广的一种协议。
设计目的保证客户端与服务器之间的通信发布和接受HTML页面工作方式客户端-服务器端的请求-应答协议
例如
#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj text.actortspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .actor-line{stroke:grey;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .labelText,#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .labelTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .loopText,#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .loopTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .noteText,#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .noteTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-RCTUato7OAcqluaj :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}客户端浏览器服务器HTTP请求响应客户端浏览器服务器响应中包括关于请求的状态信息和可能被请求的内容
2.GET与POST
HTTP定义了与服务器交互的不同方法:
GET:从指定的资源请求数据POST:从指定的资源请求数据PUTDELETE
方法概述HEAD与 GET 相同但只返回 HTTP 报头不返回文档主体。PUT上传指定的 URI 表示。DELETE删除指定资源。OPTIONS返回服务器支持的 HTTP 方法。CONNECT把请求连接转换到透明的 TCP/IP 通道
一般我们在浏览器输入一个网址访问网站都是GET请求
2.1.GET与POST方法的主要区别
最直观的区别就是GET把参数包含在URL中POST通过request body传递参数。 例如
#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT text.actortspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .actor-line{stroke:grey;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .labelText,#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .labelTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .loopText,#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .loopTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .noteText,#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .noteTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-BjdwwdiPWROEUfnT :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}客户端服务器GET:www.test.com?key1value...POSTwww.test.comform method postinput type text idkey1 valuevalue1.../form客户端服务器GET方法
/test/demo_form.php?name1value1name2value2POST方法
POST /test/demo_form.php HTTP/1.1
Host: runoob.com
name1value1name2value2方法GETPOST缓存可被缓存不会缓存历史记录会被保存在浏览器历史记录中不会保存在浏览器历史记录中书签可被收藏为书签不可被收藏为书签数据长度有长度限制:当发送数据时GET 方法向 URL 添加数据URL 的长度是受限制的URL 的最大长度是 2048 个字符。对长度无限制后退按钮/刷新无害数据会被重新提交浏览器应该告知用户数据会被重新提交对数据类型的限制只允许 ASCII 字符没有限制。也允许二进制数据支持整个 ISO10646 字符集。安全性与 POST 相比GET 的安全性较差因为所发送的数据是 URL 的一部分。在发送密码或其他敏感信息时绝不要使用 GET POST 比 GET 更安全因为参数不会被保存在浏览器历史或 web 服务器日志中。可见性数据在 URL 中对所有人都是可见的。数据不会显示在 URL 中。
2.2 为什么GET比POST快
【影响较小】POST需要在请求的body部分包含数据所以会多了几个数据描述部分的首部字段【影响较大】POST在真正接收数据之前会先将请求头发送给服务器进行确认然后才真正发送数据见下图
POST请求的过程
#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC text.actortspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .actor-line{stroke:grey;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .labelText,#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .labelTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .loopText,#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .loopTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .noteText,#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .noteTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-xoWPw4eSev7ZEyJC :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}客户端服务器TCP连接请求同意进行TCP连接POST请求头100Continue响应数据200OK响应客户端服务器GET请求的过程
#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h {font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .error-icon{fill:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .error-text{fill:#552222;stroke:#552222;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .marker{fill:#333333;stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .marker.cross{stroke:#333333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h svg{font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;font-size:16px;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .actor{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h text.actortspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .actor-line{stroke:grey;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .messageLine0{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .messageLine1{stroke-width:1.5;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h #arrowhead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .sequenceNumber{fill:white;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h #sequencenumber{fill:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h #crosshead path{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .messageText{fill:#333;stroke:#333;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .labelBox{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .labelText,#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .labelTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .loopText,#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .loopTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .loopLine{stroke-width:2px;stroke-dasharray:2,2;stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .note{stroke:#aaaa33;fill:#fff5ad;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .noteText,#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .noteTexttspan{fill:black;stroke:none;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .activation0{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .activation1{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .activation2{fill:#f4f4f4;stroke:#666;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .actorPopupMenu{position:absolute;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .actorPopupMenuPanel{position:absolute;fill:#ECECFF;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);filter:drop-shadow(3px 5px 2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.4));}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .actor-man line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h .actor-man circle,#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h line{stroke:hsl(259.6261682243, 59.7765363128%, 87.9019607843%);fill:#ECECFF;stroke-width:2px;}#mermaid-svg-9T06Tt2ccndQ1f8h :root{--mermaid-font-family:"trebuchet ms",verdana,arial,sans-serif;}客户端服务器TCP连接请求同意进行TCP连接GET请求头 和 数据200OK响应客户端服务器参考 【1】https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/275695831?utm_id0 【2】https://www.runoob.com/tags/html-httpmethods.html 【3】https://blog.csdn.net/NoodleDD/article/details/108362246
