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1、TCP通信
QT中实现TCP通信主要用到了以下类#xff1a;QTcpServer、QTcpSocket、QHostAddress等#xff1b; 使用QTcpServer来创建一个TCP服务器#xff0c;在新的连接建立时#xff0c;将新建立连接的socket添加到列表中#xff0c;以便发送…Qt 实现TCP通信和UDP通信
1、TCP通信
QT中实现TCP通信主要用到了以下类QTcpServer、QTcpSocket、QHostAddress等 使用QTcpServer来创建一个TCP服务器在新的连接建立时将新建立连接的socket添加到列表中以便发送数据同时监听在指定的IP地址和端口上并在有新的客户端连接上来时进行处理使用QTcpSocket来创建一个TCP客户端连接到服务器并发送数据 示例代码
1创建两个头文件(TcpServer.h 和 TcpClient.h)
TcpServer.h
#ifndef TCPSERVER_H
#define TCPSERVER_H#include QObject
#include QTcpServer
#include QTcpSocketclass TcpServer : public QObject
{Q_OBJECT
public:explicit TcpServer(QObject *parent nullptr);signals:public slots:void startServer();void newClientConnection();void readData();void clientDisconnected();private:QTcpServer *tcpServer;QListQTcpSocket * clients;
};#endif // TCPSERVER_H
TcpClient.h
#ifndef TCPCLIENT_H
#define TCPCLIENT_H#include QObject
#include QTcpSocketclass TcpClient : public QObject
{Q_OBJECT
public:explicit TcpClient(QObject *parent nullptr);public slots:void onConnected();void onDisconnected();void onError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError error);void onReadyRead();void connectToServer(QString ipAddress, int port);void sendData(QByteArray data);private:QTcpSocket *socket;
};#endif // TCPCLIENT_H
2创建两个源文件(TcpServer.cpp 和 TcpClient.cpp)
TcpServer.cpp
#include tcpserver.h
#include QDebugTcpServer::TcpServer(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
}void TcpServer::startServer()
{tcpServer new QTcpServer(this);connect(tcpServer, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(newClientConnection()));if (!tcpServer-listen(QHostAddress::Any, 1234)){qDebug() Unable to start the server: tcpServer-errorString();return;}qDebug() Listening on QHostAddress::Any : 1234;
}void TcpServer::newClientConnection()
{while (tcpServer-hasPendingConnections()){QTcpSocket *client tcpServer-nextPendingConnection();clients.push_back(client);QObject::connect(client, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readData()));QObject::connect(client, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(clientDisconnected()));}
}void TcpServer::readData()
{QTcpSocket *sender static_castQTcpSocket*(QObject::sender());QByteArray data sender-readAll();qDebug() Received: data;
}void TcpServer::clientDisconnected()
{QTcpSocket *sender static_castQTcpSocket*(QObject::sender());clients.removeOne(sender);sender-deleteLater();
}
TcpClient.cpp
#include tcpclient.h
#include QDebugTcpClient::TcpClient(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
}void TcpClient::connectToServer(QString ipAddress, int port)
{socket new QTcpSocket(this);connect(socket, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(onConnected()));connect(socket, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(onDisconnected()));connect(socket, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)), this, SLOT(onError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));connect(socket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(onReadyRead()));socket-connectToHost(ipAddress, port);
}void TcpClient::sendData(QByteArray data)
{if (socket socket-state() QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState)socket-write(data);
}void TcpClient::onConnected()
{qDebug() Connected!;
}void TcpClient::onDisconnected()
{qDebug() Disconnected!;
}void TcpClient::onError(QAbstractSocket::SocketError error)
{qDebug() Error: socket-errorString();
}void TcpClient::onReadyRead()
{qDebug() Received: socket-readAll();
}
3TCP客户端与TCP服务端通信打开main.cpp添加头文件以及创建TcpServer对象和TcpClient对象
main.cpp
#include QCoreApplication
#include tcpserver.h
#include tcpclient.hint main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);//创建服务器对象TcpServer server;server.startServer();//创建客户端对象TcpClient client;client.connectToServer(127.0.0.1, 1234);//发送数据client.sendData(Hello from client!);return a.exec();
}
2、UDP通信
QT中实现UDP通信主要用到了以下类QUdpSocket、QHostAddress等 UdpServer是服务器端用于监听客户端发送的消息并回复同样的消息UdpClient是客户端用于向服务器发送一条消息并等待来自服务器的回复 示例代码
1创建两个头文件(UdpServer.h 和 UdpClient.h)
UdpServer.h UdpServer继承自QObject该类包含私有成员变量QUdpSocket *udpSocketstart()函数用于启动服务器 #ifndef UDPSERVER_H
#define UDPSERVER_H# 这两个头文件分别用于QObject基类和QUdpSocket类前者提供Qt对象模型所需的大量工具和服务后者用于UDP套接字支持
#include QObject
#include QUdpSocketclass UdpServer : public QObject
{Q_OBJECT
public:explicit UdpServer(QObject *parent nullptr);void start();signals:private:QUdpSocket *udpSocket;
};#endif // UDPSERVER_H
UdpClient.h UdpClient同样继承自QObject包含一个QUdpSocket指针udpSocket和一个send()函数用于向服务器发送消息 #ifndef UDPCLIENT_H
#define UDPCLIENT_H#include QObject
#include QUdpSocketclass UdpClient : public QObject
{Q_OBJECT
public:explicit UdpClient(QObject *parent nullptr);void send(const QString message);signals:private:QUdpSocket *udpSocket;
};#endif // UDPCLIENT_H
2创建两个源文件(UdpServer.cpp 和 UdpClient.cpp)
UdpServer.cpp UdpServer的实现文件中首先在构造函数中创建了一个QUdpSocket对象udpSocket该对象用于通信start()函数则用于启动服务器包括绑定端口和建立接收数据的连接 bind()函数用于将UDP套接字与IP地址和端口绑定以便开始监听传入的消息readyRead信号是QUdpSocket类的一个信号这里使用connect()函数将其与另一个函数连接起来该函数会在每次接收到数据时执行 #include UdpServer.h
#include QDebugUdpServer::UdpServer(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{udpSocket new QUdpSocket(this);
}void UdpServer::start()
{quint16 port 1234;if (udpSocket-bind(QHostAddress::AnyIPv4, port)){qDebug() UDP server is listening on port port;}else{qDebug() Failed to bind the UDP server to port port;}connect(udpSocket, QUdpSocket::readyRead, this, [this](){while (udpSocket-hasPendingDatagrams()){QByteArray datagram;datagram.resize(udpSocket-pendingDatagramSize());udpSocket-readDatagram(datagram.data(), datagram.size());qDebug() Received from client: datagram;}});
}
UdpClient.cpp UdpClient的实现文件中同样在构造函数中创建了一个QUdpSocket对象udpSocket用于通信send()函数则用于向服务器发送消息 writeDatagram()函数用于将datagram指定的数据报发送到目标地址和端口qDebug()函数用于输出日志信息记录已发送至服务器的消息 #include UdpClient.h
#include QDebugUdpClient::UdpClient(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{udpSocket new QUdpSocket(this);
}void UdpClient::send(const QString message)
{QByteArray datagram message.toUtf8();quint16 port 1234;QHostAddress address(127.0.0.1);udpSocket-writeDatagram(datagram, address, port);qDebug() Sent to server: message;
}3UDP客户端与UDP服务端通信打开main.cpp添加头文件以及创建UdpServer对象和UdpClient对象
main.cpp 主函数主要是启动UdpServer和UdpClient并向服务器发送一条消息 udpServer和udpClient是用于运行这两个对象的实例send()函数发送了一条消息该消息会被服务器接收并回复同样的消息a.exec()函数开始Qt事件循环直到程序退出为止 #include QCoreApplication
#include UdpServer.h
#include UdpClient.hint main(int argc, char *argv[])
{QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);UdpServer udpServer;udpServer.start();UdpClient udpClient;udpClient.send(Hello from client!);return a.exec();
}
在Qt Creator中运行程序可以看到以下输出
UDP server is listening on port 1234
Sent to server: Hello from client!
Received from client: Hello from client!这表明服务器成功接收了来自客户端的消息并回复了同样的消息
