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首先#xff0c;Spring Cloud Alibaba使用的是Nacos作为服务注册和服务发现的中间件。 能力在提供者那里#xff0c;而消费者只需知道提供者提供哪些服务#xff0c;而无需关心提供者在哪里#xff0c;实际调用过程如下图
准备工作
1、需要下载并安装Nacos最新版…了解
首先Spring Cloud Alibaba使用的是Nacos作为服务注册和服务发现的中间件。 能力在提供者那里而消费者只需知道提供者提供哪些服务而无需关心提供者在哪里实际调用过程如下图
准备工作
1、需要下载并安装Nacos最新版 下载安装过程略如果是单机启动请建立一个批处理放在解压后的bin目录里命令内容就一行startup.cmd -m standalone 用单机模式启动Nacos如果你是Linux系统请改成.sh并加上bash头 2、启动nacos默认用户名密码均为nacos端口号为8848但同时要注意如果你是docker部署因为有gRPC协议还需要放行9848端口。 3、Nacos作为一个配置中心还需要加上我们应用的配置可以少写很多配置。
配置中心添加配置文件
点击加号添加这三个配置文件配置格式都为YAML application-dev.yml内容
feign:sentinel:enabled: trueokhttp:enabled: truehttpclient:enabled: falseclient:config:default:connectTimeout: 10000readTimeout: 10000compression:request:enabled: trueresponse:enabled: truemanagement:endpoints:web:exposure:include: *provider-dev.yml和consumer-dev.yml内容
spring:项目搭建
先随便建立一个空白Maven项目只要pom.xml文件src目录是不需要的。然后把pom.xml改成如下
project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsdmodelVersion4.0.0/modelVersiongroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIddemo/artifactIdversion1.0-SNAPSHOT/versionmodulesmoduleprovider/modulemoduleconsumer/modulemoduleapi/module/modulespropertiesjava.version17/java.versionmaven.compiler.source17/maven.compiler.sourcemaven.compiler.target17/maven.compiler.target/propertiesdependencyManagementdependenciesdependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-dependencies/artifactIdversion3.1.4/versiontypepom/typescopeimport/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-dependencies/artifactIdversion2022.0.4/versiontypepom/typescopeimport/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies/artifactIdversion2022.0.0.0/versiontypepom/typescopeimport/scope/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIdconsumer/artifactIdversion0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/version/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIdapi/artifactIdversion0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/version/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIdprovider/artifactIdversion0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/version/dependency/dependencies/dependencyManagementdependenciesdependencygroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.projectlombok/groupIdartifactIdlombok/artifactIdoptionaltrue/optional/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-starter-bootstrap/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-starter-openfeign/artifactId/dependencydependencygroupIdorg.springframework.cloud/groupIdartifactIdspring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer/artifactId/dependency/dependenciesrepositoriesrepositoryidpublic/idnamealiyun nexus/nameurlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/urlreleasesenabledtrue/enabled/releases/repository/repositoriespluginRepositoriespluginRepositoryidpublic/idnamealiyun nexus/nameurlhttps://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public/urlreleasesenabledtrue/enabled/releasessnapshotsenabledfalse/enabled/snapshots/pluginRepository/pluginRepositoriespackagingpom/packagingbuildpluginManagementpluginsplugingroupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupIdartifactIdspring-boot-maven-plugin/artifactIdconfigurationexcludesexcludegroupIdorg.projectlombok/groupIdartifactIdlombok/artifactId/exclude/excludes/configurationversion3.1.4/versionexecutionsexecutiongoalsgoalrepackage/goal/goals/execution/executions/plugin/plugins/pluginManagement/build
/project
然后搭建三个子项目api、provider、consumer分别代表API库、提供者和消费者 目录结构应当是api、provider、consumer目录和pom.xml文件平级
提供者编写
提供者的pom.xml在provider目录下。要注意和主项目的dependencyManagement中provider的声明保持一致。
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsdmodelVersion4.0.0/modelVersionparentgroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIddemo/artifactIdversion1.0-SNAPSHOT/version/parentartifactIdprovider/artifactIdversion0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/versionnameprovider/namedependencies/dependencies
/project编写启动类关键点是添加EnableFeignClients(basePackages com.demo)注解
package com.demo.provider;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;EnableFeignClients(basePackages com.demo)
SpringBootApplication
public class ProviderApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);}}随便写一个非常正常、平平无奇的Controller
package com.demo.provider;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;RestController
RequestMapping(/)
public class ProviderController {RequestMapping(sayHello)public String sayHello(String name){return 你好name;}
}然后在resources目录里建立一个bootstrap.yml文件
server:port: 9001spring:application:name: providerprofiles:active: devcloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848config:server-addr: localhost:8848file-extension: ymlshared-configs:- application-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}注意把localhost替换成你的Nacos服务器地址
API编写
API的pom.xml如下除了name和artifactId不一样其他都和提供者一样。
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsdmodelVersion4.0.0/modelVersionparentgroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIddemo/artifactIdversion1.0-SNAPSHOT/version/parentartifactIdapi/artifactIdversion0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/versionnameapi/namedependencies/dependencies/project关键位置来了API类是这么写的这里用了OpenFeign技术
package com.demo.api;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;FeignClient(contextId providerMicroService, value provider, fallbackFactory ProviderMicroServiceFallBackFactory.class)
public interface ProviderMicroService
{GetMapping(/sayHello)String sayHello(RequestParam(name) String name);
}这里contextId指的是上下文ID类名的小写驼峰即可。value表示你要调哪个服务fallbackFactory是指当服务无法访问或抛出异常时服务降级类是哪个。剩下的都很好理解注意Get Mapping指的就是上面提供者Controller的类和方法的RequestMapping注解拼起来的地址。然后每一个参数都要加上RequestParam注解并写上叫什么名不加就会报错。 然后我们写服务降级类如果你不想降级也可以不写
package com.demo.api;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FallbackFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
Component
public class ProviderMicroServiceFallBackFactory implements FallbackFactoryProviderMicroService
{Overridepublic ProviderMicroService create(Throwable throwable){return new ProviderMicroService() {Overridepublic String sayHello(String name) {return 服务访问失败;}};}
}消费者编写
consumer项目的pom.xml如下注意这里多了一个对api的引用。
?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8?
project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instancexsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsdmodelVersion4.0.0/modelVersionparentgroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIddemo/artifactIdversion1.0-SNAPSHOT/version/parentartifactIdconsumer/artifactIdversion0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/versionnameconsumer/namedependenciesdependencygroupIdcom.demo/groupIdartifactIdapi/artifactId/dependency/dependencies/project然后编写启动类同样关键是EnableFeignClients(basePackages com.demo)这一行
package com.demo.consumer;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;EnableFeignClients(basePackages com.demo)
SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);}}最后我们编写消费者的Controller这里的重点是MicroService是要用Resource引入不建议使用Autowired
package com.demo.consumer;import com.demo.api.ProviderMicroService;
import jakarta.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;RestController
RequestMapping(/)
public class ConsumerController {ResourceProviderMicroService providerMicroService;RequestMapping(consumer)public String consumer(String name){return providerMicroService.sayHello(name);}
}我们编写一个bootstrap.yml文件用来启动时连接到nacos只有name和port和provider不一样其余的配置都是通过配置中心从nacos拉consumer-dev.yml来整合的。
server:port: 9000spring:application:name: consumerprofiles:active: devcloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848config:server-addr: localhost:8848file-extension: ymlshared-configs:- application-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}最后一步测试
此时我们打开consumer的Controller地址给一个name参数即可看到效果。这说明服务已经正常运行。 然后在nacos里可以看到服务的状态说明微服务架构运行正常
